The All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher's and Editor's Association (AJPEA) released a report on February 24 that estimated that the combined physical and digital sales of the manga industry in Japan amounted to 445.4 billion yen (about US$3.91 billion) in 2016, a 0.4% growth compared to the previous year's 443.7 billion yen (about US$3.89 billion). The combined sales of both physical and digital approach 2008's 448.3 billion yen (about US$3.93 billion) total.