A car is made from thousands of parts, and nearly all of them demand at least one tool, mold, die, or whatever you prefer to call it.
Many, many cars must be sold to claw back the cost of the tooling, and occasionally, the tools win.
This morning, Nissan called us out to their Oppama plant south of Tokyo to show us how expensive tools can be retired.
Down a long and very beige hall, we were greeted by two stout Kuka robots with hammers in their hands.
The bots formed the metal without dies, and with that, the future of car making has circled back to its beginning.